75.160.10 (Solid fuels) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D388-15 压敏胶带在低温下粘贴的标准试验方法

4.1 This classification establishes categories of coal based on gradational properties that depend principally on the degree of metamorphism to which the coal was subjected while buried. These categories indicate ranges of physical and chemical characteristics that are useful in making broad estimates of the behavior of coal in mining, preparation, and use. 1.1 This standard covers the classification of coals by rank, that is, according to their degree of metamorphism, or progressive alteration, in the natural series from lignite to anthracite. 1.2 This classification is applicable to coals that are composed mainly of vitrinite. Note 1: Coals rich in inertinite or liptinite (exinite), or both, cannot be properly classified because, in those macerals, the properties that determine rank (calorific value, volatile matter, and agglomerating character) differ greatly from those of vitrinite in the same coal. Often such coals can be recognized by megascopic examination. In North America, these coals are mostly nonbanded varieties that contain only a small proportion of vitrain and consist mainly of attrital materials. The degree of metamorphism of nonbanded and other vitrinite-poor coals can be estimated by determining the classification properties of isolated or concentrated vitrinite fractions, or by determining the reflectance of the vitrinite (see Test Method D2798 and Appendix X1 of this classification). However, in the use of these vitrinite-poor coals, some properties normally associated with rank, such as rheology, combustibility, hardness, and grindability (as well as the rank determining properties) may differ substantially from those of vitrinite-rich coals of the same degree of metamorphism. The precision of the classification of impure coal may be impaired by the effect of large amounts of mineral matter on the determination of volatile matter and calorific value, and on their calculation to the mineral-matter-free basis. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception—The values stated in British thermal units per pound are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents of British thermal units per pound are approximate.

Standard Classification of Coals by Rank

ASTM D5056-15 用原子吸收法测量石油焦炭中痕量金属的标准试验方法

4.1 The presence and concentration of various metallic elements in a petroleum coke are major factors in the suitability of the coke for various uses. This test method provides a means of measuring the amounts of those metallic elements in the coke sample. 4.2 The concentration of these elements is one factor in determining the economic value of the coke. Coke used for production of electrodes will have different specification requirements dependent on what service the electrodes will be used in. Generally the fuel cokes are highest in metallic element concentration and have the least economic value. 4.3 The test method provides a standard procedure for use by the purchaser and seller in the commercial transfer of petroleum coke to determine whether the lot of coke meets the specifications of the purchasing party. 1.1 This test method covers the analysis for the commonly determined trace metals (aluminum, calcium, iron, nickel, silicon, sodium, and vanadium) in laboratory analysis samples of raw and calcined petroleum coke by atomic absorption spectroscopy. 1.2 The elemental concentration ranges for which this test method is applicable and the limits of detection of this test method are listed in Table 1. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For warning statements, see Sections 8 – 10.

Standard Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Atomic Absorption

ASTM D7454-14e1 使用半自动化仪器测定煅烧石油焦炭振动体密度的标准试验方法

5.1 Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly dependent upon average particle size and particle size range. Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A narrow particle size range for this test minimizes the possibility for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either screen defining the sample.) 1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum coke, after vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-automatic apparatus. 1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles passing through a 4.75-mm opening sieve and retained on a 1.18-mm opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but not limited, to a specific test sample having particles passing through a 0.85-mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425-mm opening sieve. This procedure could also be applied to other sieve fractions being agreed on in the aluminum industry as specified in Annex A1. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus

ASTM D4239-14 采用高温管式炉燃烧法测定煤和焦炭分析样品中硫含量的标准试验方法

4.1 Sulfur is part of the ultimate analysis of coal and coke. 4.2 Results of the sulfur analysis are used for evaluation of coal preparation and cleaning, evaluation of potential sulfur emissions from coal and coke combustion or conversion processes, and evaluation of coal and coke quality in relation to contract specifications, as well as for scientific purposes. 4.3 The competency of laboratories with respect to use of this standard can be established through reference to Practice D7448. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in samples of coal or coke by high-temperature tube furnace combustion. 1.1.1 Two analysis methods are described. 1.2 When automated equipment is used, either method can be classified as an instrumental method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 All percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion

ASTM D7454-14 采用半自动化仪器测定煅烧石油焦炭振动体密度的标准试验方法

5.1 Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly dependent upon average particle size and particle size range. Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A narrow particle size range for this test minimizes the possibility for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either screen defining the sample.) 1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum coke, after vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-automatic apparatus. 1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles passing through a 4.75-mm opening sieve and retained on a 1.18-mm opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but not limited, to a specific test sample having particles passing through a 0.85-mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425-mm opening sieve. This procedure could also be applied to other sieve fractions being agreed on in the aluminum industry as specified in Annex A1. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus

ASTM D5373-14 测定煤和焦碳分析样品中的煤和碳分析样品中碳, 氢和氮的标准试验方法

4.1 Carbon and hydrogen values can be used to determine the amount of oxygen (air) required in combustion processes and for calculation of the efficiency of combustion processes. 4.2 Carbon and hydrogen determinations can be used in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction. 4.3 Carbon and nitrogen values can be used in material balance calculations employed for emission accounting purposes.Note 2—The bulk composition of coal changes at a rate that varies from coal to coal during storage. As a result using coal for calibration can yield incorrect estimates of carbon, and hydrogen content in particular. 1.1 Test Method A covers the determination of carbon in the range of 54.98201;% to 84.78201;%, hydrogen in the range of 3.258201;% to 5.108201;%, and nitrogen in the range of 0.578201;% to 1.808201;% in the analysis samples (7.1) of coal. 1.1.1 Test Method B covers the determination of carbon in analysis samples of coal in the range of 58.0 % to 84.2 %, and carbon in analysis samples of coke in the range of 86.3 % to 95.2 %.Note 1—The coals included in the interlaboratory study employed to derive the precision statement for this standard cover ASTM rank lignite A to low volatile bituminous. Additional information concerning the composition of these coals appears in Annex A5. The cokes used in the interlaboratory study employed to derive the precision statement for coke included an equal number of met cokes and pet cokes. 1.2 All percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen in Analysis Samples of Coal and Carbon in Analysis Samples of Coal and Coke

ASTM D5341/D5341M-14 测量焦炭活性指数 (CRI) 和反应后的焦碳强度 (CSR) 的标准试验方法

4.1 When coke lumps descend in the blast furnace, they are subjected to reaction with countercurrent CO2 and to abrasion as they rub together and against the walls of the furnace. These concurrent processes physically weaken and chemically react with the coke lumps, producing an excess of fines that can decrease burden permeability and result in increased coke rates and lost hot metal production. This test method is designed to measure indirectly this behavior of coke in the blast furnace. 1.1 This test method, patterned after the Nippon Steel test procedure, describes the equipment and techniques used for determining lump coke reactivity in carbon dioxide (CO2) gas at elevated temperatures and its strength after reaction in CO2 gas by tumbling in a cylindrical chamber referred to as an I-tester. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) and Coke Strength After Reaction (CSR)

ASTM D5600-14 感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分析石油焦炭中痕量金属的标准试验方法

5.1 The presence and concentration of various metallic elements in a petroleum coke are major factors in determining the suitability of the coke for various end uses. This test method provides a means of determining the concentrations of these metallic elements in a coke sample. 5.2 The test method provides a standard procedure for use by buyer and seller in the commercial transfer of petroleum coke to determine whether the petroleum coke meets the specifications of the purchasing party. 1.1 This test method covers the analysis for commonly determined trace metals in test specimens of raw and calcined petroleum coke by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. 1.2 Elements for which this test method is applicable are listed in Table 1. Detection limits, sensitivity, and optimum ranges of the metals will vary with the matrices and model of spectrometer. TABLE 1 Elements Determined and Suggested Wavelengths Element Wavelengths, nmA ,B Concentration Range, mg/kgC Aluminum 237.313, 256.799, 308.216, 396.152 15–110 Barium 455.403, 493.410 1–65 Calcium 317.933, 393.367, 396.847 10–140 Iron 259.940

Standard Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry 40;ICP-AES41;

ASTM D4239-13e1 利用高温管式炉燃烧法测定煤和焦炭分析样品中硫含量的标准试验方法

4.1 Sulfur is part of the ultimate analysis of coal and coke. 4.2 Results of the sulfur analysis are used for evaluation of coal preparation and cleaning, evaluation of potential sulfur emissions from coal and coke combustion or conversion processes, and evaluation of coal and coke quality in relation to contract specifications, as well as for scientific purposes. 4.3 The competency of laboratories with respect to use of this standard can be established through reference to Practice D7448. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in samples of coal or coke by high-temperature tube furnace combustion. 1.1.1 Two analysis methods are described. 1.2 When automated equipment is used, either method can be classified as an instrumental method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion

ASTM D4239-13 高温管式炉燃烧法测定煤和焦炭分析样品中硫含量的标准试验方法

4.1 Sulfur is part of the ultimate analysis of coal and coke. 4.2 Results of the sulfur analysis are used for evaluation of coal preparation and cleaning, evaluation of potential sulfur emissions from coal and coke combustion or conversion processes, and evaluation of coal and coke quality in relation to contract specifications, as well as for scientific purposes. 4.3 The competency of laboratories with respect to use of this standard can be established through reference to Practice D7448. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in samples of coal or coke by high-temperature tube furnace combustion. 1.1.1 Two analysis methods are described. 1.2 When automated equipment is used, either method can be classified as an instrumental method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion

ASTM D6349-13 采用感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定由煤和焦炭燃烧产生的煤, 焦炭和固体残留物中主要及微量元素的标准试验方法

5.1 A compositional analysis of coal and coke and their associated combustion residues are often useful in assessing their quality. Knowledge of the elemental composition of the associated residues is also useful in predicting the elemental enrichment/depletion compositional behavior of ashes and slags in comparison to the concentration levels in the parent coal. Utilization of the ash by-products and hazardous potential may also depend on the chemical composition and leachability of the inorganic constituents of the coal ash. 5.2 The chemical composition of laboratory-prepared ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commerical-scale burning of the coal. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasmamdash;Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM D4208-13 用氧弹燃烧/离子选择电极法对煤中总氯含量的标准试验方法

5.1 The purpose of this test method is to measure the total chlorine content of coal. The chlorine content of coals may be useful in the evaluation of slagging problems, corrosion in engineering processes, and in the total analysis of coal and coke. When coal samples are combusted in accordance with this method, the chlorine is quantitatively retained and is representative of the total chlorine content of the whole coal. 1.1 This test method covers the analysis of total chlorine in coal. 1.2 Units???The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Chlorine in Coal by the Oxygen Bomb Combustion/Ion Selective Electrode Method

ASTM D4422-13 石油焦炭中灰分分析标准试验方法

4.1 The ash content is one of the properties used to evaluate petroleum coke and indicates the amount of undesirable residue present. Acceptable ash content varies with the intended use. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ash content of petroleum coke. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ash in Analysis of Petroleum Coke

ASTM D2639/D2639M-13 使用横转矩Gieseler塑性计测试塑性的标准试验方法

5.1 Reliable values of the plastic properties of coals are used to predict or explain the behavior of a coal or blends during carbonization or in other processes such as gasification, liquefaction, and combustion.

Standard Test Method for Plastic Properties of Coal by the Constant-Torque Gieseler Plastometer

ASTM D3172-13 煤和焦炭近似分析标准操作规程

4.1 Test methods, as herein described, can be used to establish the rank of coals, show the ratio of combustible to incombustible constituents, provide the basis for buying and selling, and evaluate for beneficiation or for other purposes. 1.1 This practice covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash and the calculation of fixed carbon on coals and cokes sampled and prepared by prescribed methods and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke

ASTM D2944-13 泥炭加工材料的抽样标准试验方法

4.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for obtaining representative samples when obtained from multiple sources. It provides a sample that is more representative of a product that may be heterogeneous in nature. Producing a representative sample of a material is central to the validity of results any testing/analytical procedure. Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining samples for use in the determination of moisture, ash, and organic matter; volume; pH; volume weights, water-holding capacity, and air capacity of water-saturated peat materials; total nitrogen; particle size range; and sand content of processed peat materials. This procedure is valid for sampling peat materials for horticultural purposes and produces a sample that is representative of a material. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word ”Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved though the ASTM consensus process. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice of Sampling Processed Peat Materials

ASTM D5373-13 测定煤和焦碳分析样品中的煤和碳分析样品中碳, 氢和氮的标准试验方法

4.1 Carbon and hydrogen values can be used to determine the amount of oxygen (air) required in combustion processes and for calculation of the efficiency of combustion processes. 4.2 Carbon and hydrogen determinations can be used in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction. 4.3 Carbon and nitrogen values can be used in material balance calculations employed for emission accounting purposes.Note 2—The bulk composition of coal changes at a rate that varies from coal to coal during storage. As a result using coal for calibration can yield incorrect estimates of carbon, and hydrogen content in particular. 1.1 Test Method A covers the determination of carbon in the range of 54.98201;% to 84.78201;%, hydrogen in the range of 3.258201;% to 5.108201;%, and nitrogen in the range of 0.578201;% to 1.808201;% in the analysis samples (7.1) of coal. 1.1.1 Test Method B covers the determination of carbon in analysis samples of coal in the range of 58.0 % to 84.2 %, and carbon in analysis samples of coke in the range of 86.3 % to 95.2 %.Note 1—The coals included in the interlaboratory study employed to derive the precision statement for this standard cover ASTM rank lignite A to low volatile bituminous. Additional information concerning the composition of these coals appears in Annex A5. The cokes used in the interlaboratory study employed to derive the precision statement for coke included an equal number of met cokes and pet cokes. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen in Analysis Samples of Coal and Carbon in Analysis Samples of Coal and Coke

ASTM E2201-13 煤燃烧产物的标准术语

1.1 This standard defines terms used in the production, management and use of coal combustion products (CCPs). It is intended to promote understanding by providing precise technical definitions of terms used. 1.2 Terms used only within an individual coal combustion product (CCP) standard, and having a meaning unique to that standard, may be defined or explained in the terminology section of that individual standard.

Standard Terminology for Coal Combustion Products

ASTM D4326-13 X-射线荧光法测定煤和焦炭中主要和次要元素的标准试验方法

5.1 A compositional analysis of ash is used in describing the quality of coal for its complete characterization. Ash composition is useful in predicting slagging and fouling characteristics of combusted materials as well as the potential utilization of ash by-products. 5.2 The chemical composition of laboratory prepared coal or coke ash is rarely, if ever, representative of the composition of the mineral matter in the coal because the ashing process can alter some minerals. However, it can approximate the composition of the fly ash and slag resulting from commercial combustion of coal or coke. 1.1 This test method covers the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in ash from coal or coke using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques.Note 1—Test Method D5016 is used for determination of sulfur.Note 2—Although not included in the present method, the determination of barium, strontium, and manganese may be required to yield adequate totals. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and Coke Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence

ASTM D4239-12 用高温管式炉燃烧法测定煤和焦炭分析样品中硫含量的标准试验方法

Sulfur is part of the ultimate analysis of coal and coke. Results of the sulfur analysis are used for evaluation of coal preparation and cleaning, evaluation of potential sulfur emissions from coal and coke combustion or conversion processes, and evaluation of coal and coke quality in relation to contract specifications, as well as for scientific purposes. The competency of laboratories with respect to use of this standard can be established through reference to Practice D7448.1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in samples of coal or coke by high-temperature tube furnace combustion. 1.1.1 Two analysis methods are described. 1.2 When automated equipment is used, either method can be classified as an instrumental method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion